Asian Conscientization: Reflections on the Experiences of Asian Faculty in Academic Medicine.

ISSUE: Asians have experienced a rise in racialized hate crimes due to the anti-Asian rhetoric that has accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there has been little acknowledgement of anti-Asian discrimination within the medical education community. While anti-Asian hate is not new or unfamiliar to us, four authors of Asian descent, it has given us an opportunity to reflect on how we have been complicit in and resistant to the larger racial narratives that circulate in our communities. EVIDENCE: In this article, we provide a brief history of Asians in the Americas with a focus on anti-Asian hate. Next, while presenting stories from the perspective of Asian medical education researchers who were born/have settled in the U.S. and Canada, we take the opportunity to reflect on how our personal experiences have shaped our perceptions of ourselves, and the representations of Asians in the field of medicine. IMPLICATIONS: We hope to create awareness about how stereotypes of success tied to Asians can be used as a tool of oppression creating strife between Black communities, Asian communities, and other people of color. There is a need to develop critical consciousness to address the issues of equity in academia and in clinical practice.

Rethinking global health from south and north: A social medicine approach to global health education.

This study examines efforts to integrate social medicine into global health education and its potential to guide the new practice of structural competency. The methods employ participant observation and interviews with program coordinators and participants in a social medicine course. Areas of success included: pedagogical innovation, conscientizing course participants, decentralising global health practice, and promoting reflexivity. Accompanying these successes were points of friction, including: inequities in personal risk and mobility limitations among course participants, as well as complexities and nuances in unintentionally reproducing hierarchies of knowledge. Specifically, further recommendations from our research include: (1) incorporating innovative pedagogical approaches, which highlight social medicine practices outside the global north, prioritising opportunities for cross-collaboration among practitioners from the global south; (2) framing social theory as a bidirectional flow: global south traditions must be included in teaching social theory; (3) practising structural humility by highlighting the perspectives and expertise of communities experiencing social and structural marginalisation, while including strategies in organising and direct pathways to political engagement. These conclusions highlight how social medicine-based training can both build from and move beyond the competencies explicitly specified by the structural competency model to create a global health practice inclusive of diverse thought from around the world.

Terapia ocupacional e Paulo Freire: uma revisão de escopo / Occupational therapy and Paulo Freire: a scoping review

Resumo Introdução O referencial teórico e o aporte metodológico trazidos pelas obras de Paulo Freire vêm se espraiando por distintas áreas, inclusive na terapia ocupacional. Objetivo Apreender como o referencial freireano vem sendo utilizado em publicações acadêmicas da terapia ocupacional, reunindo e analisando essa literatura, para identificar eixos temáticos e lacunas presentes. Método Revisão de escopo, com levantamento de publicações nas bases de dados CINAHL, Scopus e Web of Science, focalizando artigos acadêmicos que referenciam explicitamente Paulo Freire, num período que, sem recorte inicial, foi até abril de 2020, tendo sido incluídos todos os artigos que referenciavam pelo menos uma obra do autor. Uma planilha desenvolvida no programa Microsoft Excel® reuniu os dados gerais dos artigos, cujos conteúdos foram agrupados, sintetizados e analisados a partir de conjuntos temáticos significativos. Resultados Foram identificados 56 artigos, publicados entre 1993 e abril de 2020. A obra de Freire vem sendo utilizada em publicações acadêmicas da terapia ocupacional, destacando-se o livro "Pedagogia do Oprimido" e as categorias Diálogo/Dialógica e Conscientização/Consciência crítica/política. Foram definidos e discutidos três conjuntos temáticos: 33 (58,9%) artigos que utilizam o referencial freireano para o pensar/fazer da terapia ocupacional; 10 (17,8%) em que ele parametriza a pesquisa na área; 13 (23,2%) cujas análises e proposições envolvendo a formação de terapeutas ocupacionais tomam-no como aporte. Conclusão Paulo Freire informa de diversas maneiras a terapia ocupacional, em prol de uma práxis para a transformação social, embora, em boa parte das vezes, as formulações freireanas não sejam o centro dos esforços de elaboração reflexiva.

Abstract Introduction Paulo Freire's theoretical references and methodological propositions are spread over different study areas, including occupational therapy. Objective To understand how the Freirean framework has been used in academic publications on occupational therapy, gathering and analyzing this literature to identify thematic axes and gaps. Method A scoping review conducted through an open-period search until April 2020 for all academic articles that explicitly referenced at least one work by Paulo Freire. Data from the retrieved articles were gathered, synthesized, and organized on a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet and then analyzed from significant thematic axes. Results The search identified 56 articles published between 1993 and April 2020. Freire's work has been used in occupational therapy academic publications, with emphasis on the book "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" and the concepts of Dialogue/dialogics and Critical and political consciousness/conscientization. Three thematic axes were defined and discussed: 33 (58.9%) studies used Paulo Freire as a theoretical-methodological framework for thinking/practicing occupational therapy, 10 (17.8%) used Freire as a framework to assist with research in the area, and 13 (23.2%) used Freire's contributions in analyses and propositions involving the education of occupational therapists. Conclusions Paulo Freire contributes to occupational therapy in different ways, favoring a praxis for social transformation; however, in most cases, the Freirean propositions are not the center of reflexive development efforts.

Terapia ocupacional social: formulações à luz de referenciais freireanos / Social occupational therapy: formulations by freirian references

Resumo Realiza-se uma reflexão crítica, tendo como finalidade discorrer sobre a terapia ocupacional social, enquanto campo de saberes e práticas, com base no referencial freireano, com foco em três conceitos: educação como prática da liberdade, diálogo e conscientização. A terapia ocupacional social busca articular práxis junto a populações em processos de rupturas de suas redes sociais de suporte e que vivenciam limitações na participação social, por meio de ações que articulam a dimensão comunitária e territorial dos sujeitos, em perspectiva micro e macrossocial. Entende-se que as formulações de Paulo Freire são potentes para orientar essas intervenções, tendo em vista que os conceitos apreendidos fortificam os percursos já percorridos pelas especificidades do campo, dando base para se ir além. São referenciais teóricos consistentes para se elaborar e realizar ações comprometidas com a libertação de sujeitos e grupos subalternizados, oferecendo aportes para se lidar com relações de opressão e fomentar as possibilidades de transformação. Exigem, todavia, o compromisso com a luta por uma sociedade mais justa, ou menos desigual, tendo o diálogo, a liberdade e a conscientização como princípios para o seu quefazer técnico e ético-político, engendrando ou indo na direção do inédito-viável.

Abstract This is a critical reflection aimed to discuss the social occupational therapies as a knowledge and practice area, using the Freirian references, focused on three concepts: education as the practice of freedom, dialogue, and conscientization. The social occupational therapy seeks to articulate praxis with the populations in process of ruptures of its social networks and that life experiences limitations in the social participation, through actions that articulate the social and communitarian dimension of the individuals, in the micro and macrosocial perspectives. We understand that Paulo Freire's formulations are powerful to guide these interventions since the concepts learned to strengthen the paths already covered by the specificities of the area, providing a basis for going further. They are theoretical references consistent to elaborate and perform engaged actions with the freeing of the subalternate groups, offering contributions to deal with oppression relationships and encourage the possibilities of transformation. It demands, nevertheless, the engagement with the struggle by a fairer society, or less unequal, having the dialog, the freedom, and the conscientization as principles to their technical and ethics-political praxis, creating or stepping forward of the untested feasibility.

Empowering sex workers? Critical reflections on peer-led risk-reduction workshops in Soweto, South Africa.

Background: Sex workers in South Africa face various forms of structural and interpersonal violence, including police violence, exclusion from health services, and stigmatization and marginalization within their communities. In an attempt to counteract the harmful health effects of criminalization and exclusion, risk-reduction workshops are a key component of HIV prevention programs globally. This paper offers a critical investigation of Creative Space workshops - a South African model of risk-reduction workshops for sex workers - taking place in Soweto, Johannesburg. Drawing on Paulo Freire's work, the paper explores the potential of these workshops to contribute to the empowerment, health and well-being of sex workers. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to investigate the social and psychological effects of peer-led risk-reduction workshops for sex workers in Soweto, South Africa, with a particular focus on the ways in which they might contribute to community empowerment. Methods: This paper is based on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 32 sex workers conducted as part of a 20-month ethnographic study (December 2015 to July 2017). Data was analyzed combining inductive thematic analysis with a theoretical frame based on Freire's theory of community empowerment. Results: Peer-led risk-reduction workshops can serve as a 'safe space' for sex workers and distribute empowering forms of knowledge, particularly regarding health issues and rights. However, divisions between different groups of sex workers and between sex workers and non-sex workers counteract the potential benefits of the workshops. Conclusions: Peer-led sex worker programs are likely to be more empowering when they are committed to raising critical consciousness and creating solidarity, and embedded in community action, focusing on common issues such as institutionalized racism, livelihood insecurity, and lack of access to safe and secure housing. Such actions would have positive outcomes on health and well-being.

Restor(y)ing Health: A Conceptual Model of the Effects of Digital Storytelling.

We currently see an interdisciplinary shift toward a "participatory turn" in health research and promotion under which community engagement, shared decision making and planning, and the use of visual and digital methods have become paramount. Digital storytelling (DST) is one such innovative and engaging method increasingly used in applied health interventions, with a growing body of research identifying its value. Despite its increasing use, a standard approach to empirically assess the impacts on individuals participating in DST interventions does not currently exist. In this article, we define DST as a distinct narrative intervention, illustrate key elements that inform the methodology, and present a conceptual model to examine how DST may contribute to increased socioemotional well-being and bolster positive health outcomes. Our proposed model is informed by elements of narrative theory, Freirian conscientization, multimodality, and social cognitive theory and can serve as a guide for public health practitioners and researchers interested in assessing the potential benefits of DST as an applied health intervention. Recommendations for practice call for a rigorous methodological approach to apply and test this model across a range of health contexts and populations.

Adolescent health promotion based on community-centered arts education / Promoción de la salud del adolescente basada en el arte/educación y centrada en la comunidad / Promoção da saúde do adolescente baseada na arte/educação e centrada na comunidade

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the contribution of arts education to health promotion of adolescents in situations of urban social vulnerability. Method: Participatory evaluative research, with a qualitative approach, using as a reference the theoretical constructs of Paulo Freire's Conscientization and the Empowerment Evaluation as a method of collecting with adolescents and teachers of an arts education program in the field of the Family Health Strategy. Results: Participants constructed a collective mission that represented the concept of adolescent health promotion. Arts education activities were prioritized and ranked with a mission focus, and over a three-month period, the program implemented health goals through art. In the reevaluation, the group presented a broad look at the implementation of activities and self-determination for change. Final considerations: Arts education is a potential space for nurses to act in the conscientization and empowerment of adolescent health in Primary Health Care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar las contribuciones del arte/educación para la promoción de la salud de adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad social urbana. Método: pesquisa evaluativa, participativa, abordaje cualitativa, que utilizó como referencial los constructos teóricos de Concientización de Freire y como método de colecta a Evaluación de Empoderamiento con adolescentes y profesores de un programa de arte/educación en el territorio de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Resultados: los participantes construyeron una misión colectiva que representó el concepto de promoción de la salud del adolescente. Las actividades de arte/educación fueron priorizadas y clasificadas con foco en la misión y durante un período de tres meses el programa implementó metas en la salud por medio del arte. En la reevaluación, el grupo presentó una mirada ampliada acerca de la ejecución de las actividades y autodeterminación para cambios. Consideraciones finales: el arte/educación fue un potencial espacio para actuación del enfermero en la concientización y empoderamiento en salud del adolescente en Atención Básica a la Salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as contribuições da arte/educação para a promoção da saúde de adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social urbana. Método: Pesquisa avaliativa, participativa, abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou como referencial os constructos teóricos de Conscientização de Freire e como método de coleta a Avaliação de Empoderamento com adolescentes e professores de um programa de arte/educação no território da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Resultados: Os participantes construíram uma missão coletiva que representou o conceito de promoção da saúde do adolescente. As atividades de arte/educação foram priorizadas e classificadas com foco na missão, e, durante um período de três meses, o programa implementou metas na saúde por meio da arte. Na reavaliação, o grupo apresentou um olhar ampliado acerca da execução das atividades e autodeterminação para mudanças. Considerações finais: A arte/educação foi um potencial espaço para atuação do enfermeiro na conscientização e empoderamento em saúde do adolescente na Atenção Básica à Saúde.

From "Gomorrah Domain" to "Don Peppe Diana Lands". A Southern Italian Experience of Work-Based Liberation, Community Networking, and Well Being / Del "dominio de Gomorra" a "la Tierra de Don Peppe Diana". Una experiencia de liberación en el sur de Italia a través del trabajo de redes comunitarias y de bienestar

The article describes working experiences in relation to empowering activities, which have been carried out in a local community in the province of Caserta (in Southern Italy), a place characterized by the widespread presence of organized criminal groups. In this study, workplace is intended as a community network aimed at the promotion of coscientization, liberation, and well-being. Specifically, this paper features initiatives and projects aimed at establishing new community values through a re-construction of a work-based social system standing against criminal clans, which tend to dominate not only economical transactions but also civil life.

El presente artículo describe el trabajo realizado mediante algunas actividades de empoderamiento desarolladas en una comunidad local de la provincia de Caserta (en el sur de Italia); un lugar que se caracteriza por la amplia presencia de la criminalidad organizada. El lugar de trabajo de este estudio está representado por una red comunitaria destinada a la promoción de la concientización, la liberación y el bienestar. De especial modo este trabajo se caracteriza por presentar iniciativas y proyectos dirigidos a establecer nuevos valores de comunidad a través de la reconstrucción de un sistema social basado en el trabajo y en contra de los grupos criminales, los cuales tienden a dominar no solo la actividad económica, sino también aspectos de la vida civil.

Fortalecimento em tempo de sofrimento: reflexões sobre o trabalho do psicólogo e a realidade brasileira / Empowerment in time of suffering: reflections on psychologist's work and brazilian reality

Inserida em um mundo em que a globalização e o neoliberalismo são hegemônicos, a realidade brasileira é dominada por uma dinâmica social que produz opressão e sofrimento para a grande parte da população. Profissionais que se defrontam com esta realidade e suas conseqüências são marcadas pelo medo e várias dificuldades. Depois de apresentar processos históricos correntes e seu impacto sobre a realidade brasileira, este trabalho descreve um programa desenvolvido para profissionais da Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social. O programa teve um horizonte libertador e buscou criar diálogo e reflexões sobre a realidade e como transforma-la. O programa teve três estágios. Avaliação de dimensões da vida pessoal e profissional. Esta informação foi discutida em cinco sessões de três horas envolvendo implicações do programa. Processos psicossociais relacionados a libertação e opressão são discutidos. Apoio CNPq.(AU)

Inserted in a world where globalization and neoliberalism are hegemonic, Brazilian reality is ruled by social dynamics that produces oppression and suffering for most of the population. Psychologists and other professionals who face this reality and its consequences are stained by fear and various difficulties. After addressing current historical processes and its impact over Brazilian context, this article describes a program developed for professionals associated with the Municipal Social Assistance Secretary. The program had a liberatory horizon and aimed to create dialogue and reflection about reality and how to change it. The program had three stages. Assessed dimensions of their work and personal lives. This information was discussed in five three-hour sessions. Finally, the implications of the program were evaluated. Psychosocial processes related to liberation and oppression are discussed. Support: CNPq(AU)